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Voiding Cystourethrogram (Bladder Emptying X-ray): References

InterQual Imaging Criteria 2021. Abdomen and Pelvis - Released October 2021. Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG).

US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Hydronephrosis in newborns. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns. Updated October 2019. Accessed November 2021.

US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diagnosis of bladder infection in children. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-infections-utis/children. Updated April 2017. Accessed November 2021.

Capone V, Taroni F, Pavesi MA, et al. Voiding cystourethrography and 99MTC-MAG3 renal scintigraphy in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux: what is the role of indirect cystography? J Pediatr Urol. 2019 Jun 17.

Marzullo-Zucchet L, March-Villalba JA, Domínguez Hinarejos C, et al. Usefulness of the classification of urinary dysfunction for the prognosis of the first endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children over the age of 3. Actas Urol Esp. 2019 May;43(4):212-219.

Hosokawa T, Yamada Y, Tanami Y, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy for fistulae at ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram in neonates with anorectal malformation. Pediatr Radiol. 2019 May;49(5):609-616.

Johnin K, Kobayashi K, Tsuru T, et al. Pediatric voiding cystourethrography: An essential examination for urologists but a terrible experience for children. Int J Urol. 2019 Feb;26(2):160-171.

Guerra LA, Keays MA, Purser MJ, et al. Pediatric cystogram: Are we considering age-adjusted bladder capacity? Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Jun 19.

Pediatric voiding cystourethrogram. Radiological Society of North America. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto. Updated July 30, 2021. Accessed November 2021.

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